亚洲时报援引跨境调查组织“有组织犯罪和腐败报告项目”获得的信息报道,2011年到2014年期间,在一个被称为“国际洗钱机”的大规模犯罪活动中,200亿美元被转出俄罗斯。
据报道,中国最大的国有银行之一中国银行通过在中国大陆、香港和澳门的分行处理了洗钱总额中的7亿多美元,是卷入洗钱的大银行中处理金额第四大的银行。
中国建设银行、工商银行、交通银行以及农业银行也卷入洗钱。亚洲时报估计,中国这五家大银行处理的金额超过10亿美元。
“有组织犯罪和腐败报告项目”的调查显示,来自俄罗斯的200亿美元被转移到96个国家732家银行的5140个公司账户。
这是之前国际媒体报道过的俄罗斯洗钱丑闻。
推特上当时甚至锐推过这样一张洗钱流程图(出处:OCCRP),它详细地分析了这些巨款是如何通过19家俄罗斯银行最终流向海外。
可能是因为洗钱丑闻涉及中国银行的敏感性,我并没有在国内媒体上看到这张图的中文版本。故笔者在此将其译为中文,以飨读者。
1.洗钱者首先在海外秘密成立两家空壳公司。
2.A公司假装要借给B公司一笔钱从而成为贷方,B方签订还款合同。实际并无金钱交易。
3.该笔借款由俄罗斯一家(或多家)公司担保,用以促成此笔交易。至关重要的是,这些交易总牵扯到一名摩尔多瓦市民。
4.B公司开始拖欠这笔虚构的借款,促使A公司“召集”担保人,要求俄罗斯公司还款。
5.因该笔债务已被担保,且部分则是由一民摩尔多瓦市民担保,所以案件必须在一家摩尔多瓦法院解决。腐败的法官们——作为此次阴谋的一部分——然后下达法院官方指令要求俄罗斯公司必须对担保人信守承诺,偿还债务。
6.摩尔多瓦法院再指派一名法院执行官——同样是该阴谋的一部分——去安排转账事宜。该执行官先在Moldindconbank(一家摩尔多瓦商业银行)开一个账户,俄罗斯公司再往该账户存钱,用以了结这笔虚拟的未付债务。
7.这笔俄罗斯的款项于是便在Moldindconbank银行得以洗白,且由摩尔多瓦法院作证,随即可用。一部分被用来购买奢侈品,更多的则继续流向拉托维亚银行、信托商业银行、正是从这些银行,通过大量空壳公司,这些钱最终流向全世界。
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